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Fastener bolts and nuts Hardness knowledge

2021-03-18  Jiaxing Goshen Hardware Supplies Co,Ltd Views: 3899


Hardness knowledge

 

一. Introduction to hardness: Hardness refers to the ability of a material to resist the pressing of hard objects into its surface. It is one of the important performance indicators of metal materials. Generally, the higher the hardness, the better the wear resistance. Commonly used hardness indicators are Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness and Vickers hardness.

 

1. Brinell hardness (HB) Press a hardened steel ball of a certain size (usually 10mm in diameter) into the surface of the material with a certain load (usually 3000kg) and keep it for a period of time. After the load is removed, the ratio of the load to the indentation area is the Brinell hardness value ( HB), the unit is kilogram force/mm2 (N/mm2).

 

2.Rockwell hardness (HR) When HB>450 or the sample is too small, the Brinell hardness test cannot be used and the Rockwell hardness measurement can be used instead. It uses a diamond cone with an apex angle of 120° or a steel ball with a diameter of 1.59 and 3.18mm, which is pressed into the surface of the material to be tested under a certain load, and the hardness of the material is obtained from the depth of the indentation. According to the hardness of the test material, it can be expressed in three different scales: ·

 

HRA: It is the hardness obtained with a 60kg load and a diamond cone indenter. It is used for extremely hard materials (such as cemented carbide, etc.). ·

HRB: It is the hardness obtained by using a 100kg load and a hardened steel ball with a diameter of 1.58mm, which is used for materials with lower hardness (such as annealed steel, cast iron, etc.). HRC: It is the hardness obtained with a 150kg load and a diamond cone indenter. It is used for materials with high hardness (such as hardened steel, etc.).

 

3 Vickers hardness (HV) With a load of less than 120kg and a diamond square cone indenter with an apex angle of 136°, it is pressed into the surface of the material, and the surface area of the material indentation pit is divided by the load value to obtain the Vickers hardness HV value (kgf/mm2).

 

二. Hardness comparison table: According to the German standard DIN50150, the following is a comparison table of the commonly used ranges of steel tensile strength and Vickers hardness, Brinell hardness, and Rockwell hardness.


抗拉强度
Rm
N/mm
2 

维氏硬度
HV

布氏硬度
HB

洛氏硬度
HRC

250

80

76.0

-

270

85

80.7

-

285

90

85.2

-

305

95

90.2

-

320

100

95.0

-

335

105

99.8

-

350

110

105

-

370

115

109

-

380

120

114

-

400

125

119

-

415

130

124

-

430

135

128

-

450

140

133

-

465

145

138

-

480

150

143

-

490

155

147

-

510

160

152

-

530

165

156

-

545

170

162

-

560

175

166

-

575

180

171

-

595

185

176

-

610

190

181

-

625

195

185

-

640

200

190

-

660

205

195

-

675

210

199

-

690

215

204

-

705

220

209

-

720

225

214

-

740

230

219

-

755

235

223

-

770

240

228

20.3

785

245

233

21.3

800

250

238

22.2

820

255

242

23.1

835

260

247

24.0

850

265

252

24.8

865

270

257

25.6

880

275

261

26.4

900

280

266

27.1

915

285

271

27.8

930

290

276

28.5

950

295

280

29.2

965

300

285

29.8

995

310

295

31.0

1030

320

304

32.2

1060

330

314

33.3

1095

340

323

34.4

1125

350

333

35.5

1115

360

342

36.6

1190

370

352

37.7

1220

380

361

38.8

1255

390

371

39.8

1290

400

380

40.8

1320

410

390

41.8

1350

420

399

42.7

1385

430

409

43.6

1420

440

418

44.5

1455

450

428

45.3

1485

460

437

46.1

1520

470

447

46.9

1555

480

(456)

47.7

1595

490

(466)

48.4

1630

500

(475)

49.1

1665

510

(485)

49.8

1700

520

(494)

50.5

1740

530

(504)

51.1

1775

540

(513)

51.7

1810

550

(523)

52.3

1845

560

(532)

53.0

1880

570

(542)

53.6

1920

580

(551)

54.1

1955

590

(561)

54.7

1995

600

(570)

55.2

2030

610

(580)

55.7

2070

620

(589)

56.3

2105

630

(599)

56.8

2145

640

(608)

57.3

2180

650

(618)

57.8


660


58.3


670


58.8


680


59.2


690


59.7


700


60.1


720


61.0


740


61.8


760


62.5


780


63.3